目的。对现代防止燃气涡轮发动机流道部件磨损并提高其寿命的方法进行全面分析，这些方法涉及结构、工艺和运行措施，尤其是现代防护与密封涂层，同时研究其涂覆方法以及用于形成压气机和涡轮级涂层的材料。研究方法。本工作运用分析和归纳方法，综合现代科学文献中关于燃气涡轮发动机流道冲蚀与磨粒磨损、压气机部件退化、提高发动机寿命的方法，以及密封涂层应用技术和用于形成这些涂层的材料性能。结果。分析了燃气涡轮发动机流道的主要磨损因素及其对压气机特性和发动机效率的影响。考虑了降低冲蚀与磨粒磨损负面影响的构造、运行和工艺方法。确定了现代密封涂层涂覆方法的特点，特别是大气等离子、高速气体火焰和冷气动力喷涂。分析了用于压气机和涡轮级的主要密封涂层材料组，并建立了涂层微观结构、孔隙率、力学性能、抗冲蚀性与磨损控制能力之间的关系。论证了使用具有可控性能的多组分、功能梯度和纳米结构材料的前景。科学新颖性。总结了现代防止燃气涡轮发动机流道磨损、在固体颗粒冲蚀与磨粒作用下延长其部件使用寿命的方法。系统化了密封涂层的现代应用方法与材料，并考虑了对其使用性能的矛盾要求。确定了复合、多层和功能梯度涂层开发的有前景方向。实用价值。本工作结果可用于选择设计解决方案、材料与防护涂层应用技术
Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to preventing wear of flow parts of gas turbine engines and increasing their resource through the use of constructive, technological, and operational measures, in particular modern protective and sealing coatings, as well as to investigate methods of their application and materials used to form coatings of compressor and turbine stages. Research methods. The work uses methods of analysis and generalization from modern scientific publications on erosive and abrasive wear in the flow part of gas turbine engines, degradation of compressor elements, methods for increasing engine life, as well as technologies for applying sealing coatings and the properties of the materials used to form them. Results. The main wear factors in the flow path of gas turbine engines and their impact on compressor characteristics and engine efficiency were analyzed. The design, operational, and technological methods of reducing the negative impact of erosive and abrasive wear were considered. The features of modern methods of applying sealing coatings, in particular atmospheric plasma, high-speed gas flame, and cold gas dynamic spraying, were determined. The main groups of sealing coating materials for compressor and turbine stages were analyzed, and the relationships among the coatings' microstructure, porosity, mechanical properties, erosion resistance, and wear-control capability were established. The prospects for using multicomponent, functionally graded, and nanostructured materials with controlled properties were demonstrated. Scientific novelty. Modern approaches to preventing wear in the flow path of gas turbine engines and increasing the service life of their elements under conditions of erosive and abrasive action by solid particles are summarized. Modern methods of application and materials of sealing coatings are systematized, taking into account the contradictory requirements for their operational characteristics. Promising directions for the development of composite, multilayer, and functional-gradient coatings with controlled structure and properties are identified. Practical value. The results of the work can be used when selecting design solutions, materials, and technologies for applying protective and sealing coatings to the compressor and turbine stages of gas turbine engines, as well as when developing measures to increase the service life, erosion resistance, and efficiency of engines operating in conditions of increased dustiness.