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通过退火实现机械合金化FeNiTiCuAl高熵合金粉末的冷喷涂沉积
Enabling cold spray deposition of mechanically alloyed FeNiTiCuAl high-entropy alloy powder through annealing
Surface and Coatings Technology
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Elsevier BV
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冷喷涂思路可参考，但参数缺失
AI理解
要点 机械合金化制 FeNiTiCuAl 高熵合金粉，经 200/300/500 °C 退火。200 °C 退火降低微应变与显微硬度并保留 FCC 主相；取同一 20–40 μm 粒径、相同条件冷喷涂对比，涂层平均厚度由 78±5 升至 204±19 μm。
能不能用 属冷喷涂（CS）工艺，需高压冷喷涂系统及氦/氮气源，普通热喷涂产线不能直接做；粉末须自行机械合金化球磨加退火前处理，市售无此牌号。摘要仅称喷涂条件相同，未给气体种类与压力、气体温度、喷距、送粉率，无法复现工艺窗口。数据为实验室单颗粒与平板沉积，只报厚度均值±标准差，未见沉积效率、孔隙率与结合强度，离产线件还缺服役性能验证。
存疑
- 未给冷喷涂气体种类与压力、气体温度、喷距、送粉率，只称条件相同，无法复现工艺窗口。
- 只报涂层厚度，未给孔隙率、结合强度、沉积效率等质量指标，难以判断涂层是否可用。
中文摘要
本研究探讨了低温退火如何在保持亚稳相组成的同时改善机械合金化等原子比FeNiTiCuAl高熵合金（HEA）粉末的冷喷涂工艺性能。FeNiTiCuAl粉末通过机械合金化合成，并在200、300和500 °C下进行热处理，以区分以回复为主的弛豫与相演变。球磨态粉末呈现出以FCC为主的亚稳结构、显著的X射线衍射（XRD）峰宽化以及由Rietveld精修得出的高微应变。循环差示扫描量热法（DSC）显示，在约330 °C以下存在部分不可逆的热活动，与缺陷弛豫相符。200 °C的热处理降低了微应变和显微硬度，同时基本保持了以FCC为主的相组成。相比之下，300和500 °C的处理产生了与无序BCC或有序B2结构相容的额外衍射峰，增加了化学不均匀性并再次引起硬化。冷喷涂沉积和单颗粒扁平化试验在相同喷涂条件下，使用相同的筛分20–40 μm粒径区间，对球磨态粉末和200 °C处理粉末进行了比较。处理后的粉末表现出更高的颗粒留存率和更好的涂层形成，平均厚度从78 ± 5 μm增加到204 ± 19 μm。涂层XRD图谱显示喷涂过程中没有可分辨的主要相变。因此，沉积响应的改善与粉末微应变和硬度的回复相关降低相符。这些结果表明，低温退火是一种有效的预处理策略，可在不发生广泛相变的情况下改善这种机械合金化HEA的冷喷涂工艺性能。
查看英文摘要
This work investigates how low-temperature annealing improves the cold spray processability of mechanically alloyed equiatomic FeNiTiCuAl high-entropy alloy (HEA) powder while preserving a metastable phase constitution. FeNiTiCuAl powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying and heat-treated at 200, 300 and 500 °C to distinguish recovery-dominated relaxation from phase evolution. The as-milled powder exhibited an FCC-dominated metastable structure, pronounced X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak broadening and high Rietveld-derived microstrain. Cyclic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed partially irreversible thermal activity below approximately 330 °C, consistent with defect relaxation. Heat treatment at 200 °C reduced microstrain and microhardness while largely preserving the FCC-dominated phase constitution. In contrast, treatments at 300 and 500 °C produced additional reflections compatible with either disordered BCC or ordered B2 structures, increased chemical heterogeneity and renewed hardening. Cold spray deposition and single-particle splat tests compared the as-milled and 200 °C-treated powders using the same sieved 20–40 μm particle-size fraction under identical spraying conditions. The treated powder showed increased particle retention and improved coating formation, with the average thickness increasing from 78 ± 5 to 204 ± 19 μm. Coating XRD patterns showed no resolvable major phase transformation during spraying. The improved deposition response is therefore consistent with recovery-related reductions in powder microstrain and hardness. These results identify low-temperature annealing as an effective preconditioning strategy for improving the cold spray processability of this mechanically alloyed HEA without extensive phase transformation.
摘要中给出的工艺参数
| 涂层厚度 | 78±5 μm（未处理粉）和204±19 μm（200 °C退火粉） |
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| 其他 | 机械合金化FeNiTiCuAl等原子比高熵合金粉末；退火温度200/300/500 °C；筛分粒度20–40 μm；DSC显示约330 °C以下不可逆热活动 |
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原文依据
查看原文依据
- FeNiTiCuAl powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying and heat-treated at 200, 300 and 500 °C to distinguish recovery-dominated relaxation from phase evolution.
- Cold spray deposition and single-particle splat tests compared the as-milled and 200 °C-treated powders using the same sieved 20–40 μm particle-size fraction under identical spraying conditions.
- The treated powder showed increased particle retention and improved coating formation, with the average thickness increasing from 78 ± 5 to 204 ± 19 μm.
- Heat treatment at 200 °C reduced microstrain and microhardness while largely preserving the FCC-dominated phase constitution.