冷喷涂多阶段辅助策略综合综述：从粉末制备到后处理

Cold spray, as a promising solid-state deposition technique, has attracted increasing attention in coating fabrication, component repair, and additive manufacturing because it helps avoid many heat-related issues commonly encountered in melt-based processes, such as oxidation, phase transformations, and heat-affected damage. Even so, cold-sprayed deposits often still show insufficient particle deformation, weak interfacial bonding, porosity, and residual stress. To address these issues, researchers have introduced a range of auxiliary strategies at various stages of the cold-spraying process. These strategies can generally be grouped into three categories according to when they are applied: pre-treatment, in-situ treatment, and post-treatment. Pre-treatment mainly improves powder adaptability and substrate readiness before deposition; in-situ treatment regulates particle impact behavior and deposit buildup during spraying; and post-treatment mainly promotes defect healing, diffusion bonding, and structural reorganization after deposition. Therefore, this review examines these strategies within a unified framework, with particular emphasis on their influences on powder characteristics, substrate conditions, deposition behavior, interfacial evolution, defect mitigation, and microstructural development. By systematically integrating these developments, this work aims to provide an updated understanding of how additional treatments improve the quality and performance of cold-sprayed deposits and to offer guidance for the design of more effective strengthening routes.